The Flu Vaccination Guide

As we approach the peak of the flu season in the autumn and winter months, coupled with the first winter without mandatory mask-wearing, there is a risk of facing a double whammy of seasonal influenza and COVID-19, leading to various severe complications, and even fatalities. Getting vaccinated against the flu is the best way to prevent it, but who should get vaccinated early? And why is it necessary to get vaccinated every year?

Children and the Elderly are at High Risk

For physically healthy adults, the flu typically resolves naturally within 2-7 days. However, after three years of the pandemic, both children and the elderly have been wearing masks for prolonged periods, leading to reduced exposure to bacteria and viruses. This lack of exposure has resulted in less exercise for their immune systems. If unfortunately infected with the flu virus, symptoms can become more severe. The rates of severe illness and hospitalization are higher compared to adults. In the event of complications such as pneumonia, myocarditis, bronchitis, or encephalitis, permanent organ damage and even death can occur.

Why is Annual Vaccination Necessary?

Influenza viruses can be categorized into three main types: influenza A, influenza B, and influenza C. The most common types are influenza A and influenza B. However, the strains of flu viruses circulating each year undergo constant variation, with significant differences between them. It is simply not possible for a single vaccine to provide protection against all types of influenza viruses.

Therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) predicts and updates the composition of the flu vaccine each year. This ensures the production of the most effective flu vaccine tailored to combat the upcoming peak season's influenza viruses.

How to Effectively Prevent the Flu?

Consider wearing a mask when going out to protect against droplet transmission.

Avoid touching your eyes, mouth, and nose with unwashed hands.

Wash hands regularly with soap and water.

Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when sneezing or coughing, then thoroughly wash your hands.

If experiencing respiratory symptoms, avoid going to work or school, wear a mask, and seek medical advice.

Maintain a balanced diet, regular exercise, and sufficient rest.

Get vaccinated against the flu.

Which Flu Shot Should You Get?

Currently, flu vaccines are generally categorized into two types: quadrivalent and trivalent flu vaccines.

The "quadrivalent vaccine" covers two strains of influenza A viruses and two strains of influenza B viruses. On the other hand, the "trivalent" vaccine includes two strains of influenza A viruses and one strain of influenza B virus.

In addition, flu vaccines are also categorized into two main types: inactivated flu vaccines and live attenuated flu vaccines. "Inactivated" refers to vaccines that contain killed viruses and are administered through injection. "Live attenuated" refers to vaccines that contain weakened viruses and are administered through nasal spray.

Generally, the quadrivalent vaccine provides broader protection as it includes an additional strain of influenza B virus. It is suitable for individuals aged 6 months and older.


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We recommend getting vaccinated against the flu before the peak season in winter (January to March). Allow at least two weeks for your body to develop antibodies, providing the best defense against the invasion of the flu virus.

Are There Side Effects of Getting the Flu Shot?

Getting the flu shot may result in different side effects. Typically, within a few hours to a few days after vaccination, the following adverse reactions may occur:

Redness, itching, or pain at the injection site

General muscle fatigue, soreness, or joint pain

Runny or stuffy nose

Sore throat, cough

Fever, sweating

Headache, dizziness

Nausea, vomiting

Gastrointestinal discomfort, such as abdominal pain or diarrhea

Allergic reactions, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome or allergic respiratory syndrome

Most symptoms diminish within a few hours to a few days. Individuals with a history of allergies should be particularly cautious and consult a doctor for advice regarding the vaccine components before getting the flu shot.

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